Contents
VII
5.2
Thermodynamics
68
5.3
Standard Free Energy of Hydrolysis
of ATP
73
5.4
Chemical Kinetics
75
5.5
Energy Metabolism
77
5.6
Obesity
82
Biochemical Mediators of Obesity
82
Supplemental Readings
and References
84
CHAPTER
6
Enzymes I: General Properties,
Kinetics, and Inhibition
6.1
Nomenclature
85
6.2
Catalysis
86
Specificity of Enzyme Catalysis
86
Active Site and Enzyme-Substrate
Complex
86
Factors Governing the Rate of Enzyme-Catalyzed
Reactions
86
Effect of Temperature
87
Effect of pH
87
Effect of Concentration of Enzyme and
Substrate
88
Michaelis-Menten Treatment of the Kinetic
Properties of an Enzyme
88
Linear Plots for Michaelis-Menten
Expression
91
6.3
Kinetics of Enzymes Catalyzing
Two-Substrate Reactions
92
6.4
Inhibition
92
Reversible Inhibition
92
Competitive Substrates in Treatment of
Some Intoxications
96
Irreversible Inhibition
98
Inactivation and Reactivation of Cytochrome
Oxidase
99
Proteinase Inhibitors and Their Clinical
Significance
102
6.5
Kinetics of Ligand-Receptor
Interaction
104
6.6
Mechanisms of Enzyme Action
105
Coenzymes, Prosthetic Groups,
and Cofactors
106
Supplemental Readings
and References
108
CHAPTER
7
Enzymes II: Regulation
7.1
Types of Regulation
109
7.2
Allosteric Enzyme Regulation
111
Kinetics of Allosteric Proteins
111
Examples of Allosteric Proteins
112
Theoretical Models for Allosteric Effect
117
Supplemental Readings
and References
119
Enzyme Regulation (General)
119
Allosteric Properties of Aspartate
Transcarbamoylase and Hemoglobin
Aspartate Transcarbamoylase
119
Hemoglobin
119
CHAPTER
8
Enzymes III: Clinical Applications
8.1
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Disease
121
Factors Affecting Presence and Removal of
Intracellular Enzymes from Plasma
122
Measurement of Enzyme Activity
124
8.2
Serum Markers in the Diagnosis
of Tissue Damage
126
Myocardium
126
Pancreas
127
Liver
127
8.3
Enzymes as Analytical Reagents
128
8.4
Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents
130
